16ġ8 Assessment Results Consider elevation bands for Design Basis. 15ġ6 Clashavoon-Tarbert 220kV Line Example LP Wind/HP Ice Transverse Case : Ordered by magnitude of Loading Differences => Shows that only Clashavoon- Tarbert line has numbers exceeding deterministic loadings Power Line Systems, Inc. 14ġ5 Sample Lines Assessment PLS-CADD Staking Tables merged with Wind/Ice Cell Data (500m cells) in ArcGIS Spatial Join used to select ice/wind cell centres closest to each structure 90% of elevation differences between PLS-CADD structures and cells 90%+ would be anyway) Ice/Wind Loading for Wind/Ice model data calculated using IEC approach Power Line Systems, Inc. For new Irish NNA to EN :2012 Will Ice/Wind Model loadings exceed deterministic? if so, where? Power Line Systems, Inc. 220 kv lines selected Sample Lines already fully modelled in PLS-CADD using Lidar Surveys 4 out of 5 uprated with Gap-type conductor (GZTACSR 586mm²) Assist with determining appropriate ice/wind values to use for new design approach. 13ġ4 Wind/Ice Loading Assessment Development of new Wind/Ice Model for Ireland (500m resolution) by EA Technology (UK) Use of New Model on Feasibility Study Project in 2015 Follow-on study on sizeable existing network sample (5% or 400 line km 5 no. 11ġ3 New Design Standards Need to best utilise existing line assets How valid were original deterministic design standards? Wind-only : 100 mph Wind (44.7 m/sec) Ice-only : 40mm (1.57 ) radial ice, 900 kg/m 3 Wind and Ice : 25.7 m/sec wind on 25mm (1 ) radial ice, 900 kg/m 3 These ice values/densities seem excessive? Maybe not given some recent ice events! Ice load increase with elevation? Wind speed increase with elevation? Recall the Storm Darwin Wind Profile Geographical Variation of wind/ice loads? Any need - Ireland is a very small island! Power Line Systems, Inc.
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10ġ1 PLS-CADD Benefits! Doubling of project delivery since 2006 on line uprates Changing nature of projects HTLS (Gap-type) conductor widely deployed since 2010, particularly on 220kV Lines) 750 line km HTLS Uprates installed since km+ ACSR upgradings since 2010 on 110kV unshielded network with OPPC phase to replace phase wrap Requirement to retain wrapped phase live during uprating works Staff numbers unchanged since 2006 PLS-CADD w/ Lidar main driver of increased productivity Staff age profile also a positive factor (in some senses!) Power Line Systems, Inc.
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Since 2006, 3,000 line km of uprates, refurbs, new builds completed 5 year lidar framework for up to 500 line km per year Power Line Systems, Inc. Widespread acceptance of advantages of PLS-CADD with Lidar.
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In-House Applications (Excel-based) Design Verification System (DVS) Thermal Rating Data Manager (TRDM) PLS-CADD with Lidar Lidar-based designs commenced in 2006 refurbishment and uprating designs in response to new legislation on Safety Files etc.
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25 CADD, 18 POLE, 13 TOWER, 11 SAPS etc) Full Materials Database, Structure Libraries etc. 9ġ0 Project Delivery: PLS-CADD with Lidar PLS-CADD Design System Introduced in / By 2005, all new designs utilising PLS-CADD 75 PLS Licences (incl. Ensuring optimised solutions Reuse of Existing infrastructure Power Line Systems, Inc.
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8ĩ Wind Energy Developments Transmission Network Development 1,150 km new lines (220 kv and 400 kv) 2,300 km of line uprates 110 kv and 220 kv 1,200 km at 110 kv 1,100km of 220kV (70% of existing 220 kv Multiple new generation connections to existing grid for Wind Generation many in SW and NW Ireland Overall Challenges Building new lines planning/environmental New technologies conductor/towers etc. 7Ĩ How Did it Compare? Described as a violent storm but not exceptional Hurricane Debbie in gusts of km/hr generally and max of 181 km/hr Winter storms in 19 more intense (stronger gust winds recorded) Night of the Big Wind in 1839 is still without parallel - over 100 deaths Power Line Systems, Inc. Area centred on Shannon Airport saw peak gust of 159km/hr (98 mph) Area also saw most damage to network, particularly transmission (designed for 100 mph wind). 7 Storm Darwin Analysis Pressure drop of 39 hpa in 24 hrs A Weather Bomb since > 25 hpa drop in 24 hours Minimum of 955 hpa (28.20 inches) Peak wind speeds increasing rapidly with height to around 700m elevation ( Sting-jet ) A 1 in 20 year event but Met Eireann noted that in parts of Ireland could be worst in living memory event (1 in 50 years?).